When the body cannot use glucose efficiently due to lack of the hormone insulin or because any insulin available may not be working effectively, diabetes occurs. The body converts all glucose from food into energy and this glucose is found readymade in sweet or starchy foods like cakes and pasta. The liver can also make its own glucose.

Under normal circumstances, insulin created in the pancreas regulates the amount of glucose in the bloodstream, but when the body starts not being able to regulate the glucose levels, diabetes occurs.

Diabetes is a condition that has been recognized for over 3,500 years. What is interesting is that for all the people that actually have the condition, there are nearly another 33% that number again who have the condition but do not know it. Three-quarters of all diabetes sufferers are classed as having type 2 diabetes, with the remainder having type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The difference between these two types of diabetes is that in type 1 the body is incapable of producing insulin whereas in type 2, not enough insulin is produced. As a rule, type 1 usually manifests itself in childhood or early adulthood and can be treated using insulin injections and diet control. Type 2 diabetes usually affects people as they grow older, normally after forty years of age.

Diabetes Symptoms

Kidney stones are described as stone-like lumps which can form in either one, or both kidneys. They are quite common, but to understand what they are, we have to discuss the function of the kidneys.

First of all, the kidneys are approximately four inches long and are shaped like a bean. There are two of them in the body and they are located near the back of the abdomen area, one on each side of the spine. The job of a kidney is to remove waste products from our blood and then pass this waste into the bladder along with excess fluids to be disposed of in the urine.

Kidney stones can be categorized into four main types. Calcium stones which are made up of calcium and phosphate or oxalate; struvite stones which are made of ammonia and magnesium (these ones can often be quite large); uric acid stones (the smallest and softest type of kidney stone); and cystine stones which are normally yellowish in color and look like crystals as opposed to stones. All kidney stones can come in different shapes, colors and sizes – from the size of a grain of sand to (in some extreme cases) the size of a golf ball.

Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are formed when the waste products collected by the kidney do not dissolve properly in the fluid that will make up the urine, which then forms little crystal-like substances that can accumulate in the kidney. Over time these can form a hard lump that looks like a stone – the kidney stone.

When kidney stones are formed, they will very often try to leave the body via the urinary system, which can create problems, especially if they become blocked.

When the heart is unable to pump blood around the body efficiently, it is known as heart failure. Heart failure can affect either the left or right side of the heart, or in some cases, both sides. The condition can be brought on by a number of diseases including high blood pressure, heart valve disease, blood clot in the coronary arteries and heart muscle disease.

Symptoms include shortness of breath, breathing problems, coughing, fatigue, leg swelling, eczema type rash and accumulation of fluid in the organs or abdominal cavity. Heart failure is usually diagnosed by a combination of medical history along with an examination that will check out such issues as heart sounds, heart rate, heart murmurs, fluid on the lungs, swollen legs, swollen neck veins or an enlarged liver. It can also be diagnosed by means of a chest x-ray, an ECG and blood samples. Doctors can also find out what caused the heart failure by performing additional blood tests so certain viral infections can be spotted, an ultrasound of the heart, a coronary artery examinations (done by injecting a dye into the left and right coronary arteries), exercise testing carried out on a treadmill and by taking a biopsy of a small bit of heart muscle.

Heart Failure

Ways to avoid heart failure include stopping smoking, a change of diet as well as avoiding overeating, exercising more often and getting problems such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol treated in a timely manner.